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Healthy Eating is Bogus - Free Essay Example

For years and years, people have been told that is it necessary to eat certain foods in order to live longer and be healthy. Individuals are fed the idea that if they do not eat healthy they will suffer a substantial amount of detrimental negative consequences that will impact them long term, and largely contribute to morbidity and mortality in [countries like] the United States (Mosher, et al. 23). Many people claim that eating healthy is very important. People are told what they should consume on a daily basis and the benefits to it. But in reality, this is not the case. It does not guarantee anything and the foods that are considered healthy constantly change and so does the research behind it. Healthy eating is completely subjective. Dairy is considered to be an integral and essential part of ones diet. According to the American Food Guide Pyramid, developed by the USDA, Americans [are] encouraged to consume foods from each of several major food groups†grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, and meat or meat alternatives (Dixon, et al. 461). Dairy has been advertised in several commercials and is known as a reliable source for Calcium. Ironically, recent research shows the opposite and is not discussed in the media. Many researchers are finding that during the last couple of years, increasing body of evidence are indicating another property of hormones in dairy products as possible impact on human health including the role of some estrogens and insulin-like growth factor-1 in initiation and provoking of breast, prostate and endometrial tumours (Malekinejad and Rezabakhsh, 742). Previously, this information was unknown and milk products [were considered] good sources of calcium (Tu, et al. 1). Vegetables and fruits are considered to be a staple in a healthy individuals diet. They have been shown to have high concentrations of dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, especially electrolytes; and more recently phytochemicals, especially antioxidants (Pem and Jeewon 1309) Unfortunately, these benefits are outweighed by the cons, as majority of these products are sprayed with pesticides and have gmos. This impacts [the] food quality and nutrient composition (Qaim and Kouser, 2013) that this food group has. Not only that, but studies on the correlation between pesticides and diseases have shown potential health risks, including birth defects, hearing loss, cancer, and infertility, in addition to symptoms related to acute intoxication, such as weakness, vomiting, seizures, difficulty breathing, loss of appetite, and nosebleed, among others (Gerage, et al. 1). Overtime, people have begun to become aware of this and expressed their concerns. Companies have started to market and adver tise organic products, which do not include pesticides and gmos. These products are the minority of the groceries stores across America. Organic products are expensive and can be considered to be unaffordable for a large percentage of the population. Even if consumers buy organic products to be healthy, if they consume dairy products, they will have to deal with the risks of that group. It is simply not worth spending more money if the individual will still be at risk for other health issues. Buckwheat, Quinoa, and Bread are three common foods that are a part of the Grain food group that Americans consume on a daily basis. Recently, the side effects of consuming gluten (which is in grain products) have become well known. This has contributed to the rise of the market for gluten-free products, [which grew] at an annual rate of 28% from 2004 to 2011 with an estimated $2.6 billion in sales in 2012 (Jones, 118). People began to become more educated about this, and in 2013, [studies] found that 65% of American adults think gluten-free foods are healthier (Jones, 118). Yet some researchers disagree and say that grain products are actually beneficial, explaining that [those who are] consuming diets high in dietary fiber [which are in grain products] have a lower incidence of chronic diseases compared to populations that consume diets lower in dietary fiber, (Capuano, 1)which minimizing the concern for gluten. So it is up to the consumer to make the choice and form their opin ion on whether or not they should consume grain produce and what sources they decided to trust. Even though this shows conflicting research and has become well known across the country, the USDA still recommends individuals to consume grain produce. Research has shown that high consumption of red meat and processed meat may increase the risk of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain cancers (Larsson and Orsini 282) amongst individuals. Yet, the American population is directed to consume these products due to the fact that it provides a rich source of high biological value protein (Wyness 227). Other researchers tell people to just avoid red meat and that will solve the problem. It becomes a issue of which researchers to trust and believe. Some say avoiding all meat and becoming vegetarian is the solution as there as alternative ways to find protein, and the diet can easily meet human dietary protein requirements (Marsh, et al. 7) without the need to consume animals, while others saying all meat is healthy and to continue consuming it without worries. But then another issue comes up about whether or not the protein is equivalent to the amount in meat, which researchers also have conflicting opinions about. Superfoods are considered the epitome of all healthy foods. Chia seeds are popular amongst Americans. The USDA does not include these as necessary produce to consume. Even though this produce may have beneficial ingredients, its high content of nutrients are not necessary for consumption and cannot guarantee improvement on ones health, as literature reviews and controlled trials in humans have not shown a specific benefit of chia seeds on cardiovascular risk factors including body weight, blood pressure, lipid levels, blood sugar, and inflammation (Harvard University, 1). Yet, several media outlets claim otherwise. People still consume this product and pay large amounts of money on it as they believe it will vastly improve their health, even though research shows it does not make a significant difference. Unconventional diets that are not recommended by USDA standards, have several benefits for peoples health. Many argue that consuming large quantities of sugar contributing to diabetes and other diseases, but studies show that is not the case. Evidence has been shown that it is Obesity [that] is the leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes (Barnes, 142) and Excess weight [that] increases risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, (Barnes, 142) not sugar directly. Individuals can become overweight by eating a significant amount of calories. It does not matter what kind of food is consumed, whether its chocolate bars or chicken, it is actually due to the calorie surplus that one may gain weight from, which increases the risk for obtaining these diseases. Coffee is also known as an unhealthy beverage due to its high caffeine levels. People say that it makes them anxious and increases their blood pressure and heart rate. This depends on the individual and the amount they consume. Coff ee has been shown to help people have enhanced mood and alertness, improved exercise performance, improved ability to remain awake and mentally alert after fatigue, and [have] heightened awareness and attention (Gareth and Smith, 1236). It is not a concern when it is consumed in moderation it appears that there are no serious adverse health effects associated with its use by adults or children (Gareth and Smith, 1236). It is dependant on ones self control. Only those who are highly sensitive to [caffeine] should not consume more than 400 mg/d, in order to avoid headaches, drowsiness, anxiety, and nausea (Gareth and Smith, 1236). Some people have allergies to foods that are considered healthy according to the USDA, so they cannot consume those products as they would also produce negative side effects. Even though red meat could provide an individual with the aquadent amount of protein, if they were severely allergic to it, in the worst case scenario, it could cause them to die. Everyone has different opinions on what is considered healthy and what is not. There are pros and cons to every type of food, and the research behind them is constantly evolving. What was considered healthy one year, was later discovered to have negative side effects the next year. There will always be conflicting research about health. Eating a specific way or following USDA food guide lines does not necessarily mean that one will live a longer life without any health issues. Regardless of how someone chooses to eat, there will always be risk factors. Every type of food has had some kind of research that shows that it has positive benefits along with negative ones. The research and opinions behind healthy eating will continue to provide people with information that has not been discovered yet and further the discussion of what people should be consuming. Individuals will have to continue to make their own decisions and choices on what they should be putting into their body and under standing how it affects them.

What Is Organizational Culture And Discuss Factors...

Culture of the organization is its success The following essay examines the meaning of organizational culture and discuss factors associated with understanding an organization s culture, with examples presented to show my discussion points. This essay will therefore discuss some of the main reasons why it is important for organisation and when it should be changed. In the era of globalization, exploring and understand the culture and behavior of the organization have become very important, as it is composed of people of different race, color and culture. Organizational behavior culture largely determines the interaction of people in the organization and analysis of individual group performance which contributes to a better understanding, prediction and improvisation in a workplace that leads to improved performance. Employees are the foundation of the organization and their responses to other people and circumstances different as per values and the principles that people follow in their lives. Every person develops certain characteristics or attitude based on certain criteria or values which is unique and which are essential elements of their relationships with other people and define the personality of the person. The personality traits of a person are really important factors that have considerable influence on the organizational culture and collective targets of the organization. Firstly, organization is a group of people whose activities are deliberatelyShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Transactional And Transformational Leadership Styles1221 Words   |  5 PagesTransformational leaders are more concerned with relationship building in order to motivate employees and bring about change in the organization. i. Engenders trust ii. Seeks to develop others iii. Exhibits self-sacrifice iv. Serve as moral agents concentrating on the long term, overall objectives rather than immediate goals (Kinicki Fugate, 2012). Concerning the cultures exhibited at the Target stores in the field study I chose, I would implement both Transactional and Transformational leadershipRead MoreSTRATEGIC LEADER COMPETENCIES 1696 Words   |  7 Pageshundreds of works on the subject, which address in detail the requirements associated with developing strategic leaders. However, regardless of the source, there seems to be a familiar theme when describing the critical attributes for successful strategic leaders. Prior to analyzing the characteristics, specifically the knowledge, skills, and abilities required by strategic leaders, this paper will briefly discuss the concept of strategic leadership and later explore those attributes thatRead MoreDiversity and Inclusion Paper1085 Words   |  5 PagesSOC/315 December 15, 2010 Professor Dr. Lorthridge Introduction This paper will discuss and focus on the four dimensions of diversity: ethnicity, gender, differences in skills, abilities and personality traits and how they have an impact in my workplace. To be able to go further in this paper one should understand the definition of diversity. Diversity is a variety between people associated to factors such as culture, employment status, education, family orientation, gender, origin, physical appearanceRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography1705 Words   |  7 Pages(1997). Institutionalized resistance to organizational change: Denial, inaction and repression.  Journal of Business Ethics,  16(9), 917-931. This article discusses the pros and cons of advocating change within the workplace. It also discusses the reason (s) individuals are said to resist change because of habit and inertia, fear of the unknown, absence of the skills they will need after the change, and fear of losing power. 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All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and assigns roles, responsibilities, and authority to carry out different tasks. Organizations are open systems--they affect and are affected by their environment. This brings up the (5) five common features of the organisations:Read MoreInternal Organizational Politics1260 Words   |  6 Pagesand part-time workers are 50 and 2. Explain this apparent paradox. 2. Why are small companies important to our economy? What are the major problems faced by small companies? 3. Give some examples of how organizations can affect the cities in which they are based. 4. How can internal organizational changes affect the social structure of the organization? How can managers minimize the negative aspects of change in order to preserve the social structure? 5. Explain the differencesRead MoreInternal Organizational Politics1267 Words   |  6 Pagesfull- and part-time workers are 50 and 2. Explain this apparent paradox. 2. Why are small companies important to our economy? What are the major problems faced by small companies? 3. Give some examples of how organizations can affect the cities in which they are based. 4. How can internal organizational changes affect the social structure of the organization? How can managers minimize the negative aspects of change in order to preserve the social structure? 5. Explain the differencesRead MoreManagement Is An Important Component Of Every Business1536 Words   |  7 Pagesand challenges. We will discuss the key points that captured our attention including what management is, how management differs from leadership and issues that managers encounter in the ever changing workforce. Management in the Business World In today’s business world, managers are dealing with changing work environments, a changing workforce, globalization, economic and political uncertainties, and changing technology. Due to the fact that we interact with organizations daily we have a vestedRead MoreBSA 375 Complete Course1474 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Link name    BSA 375Week 1 Discussion Question 1   Ã‚  Ã‚   Why do heuristics and biases play a major role in the success or failure of an IT project? What specific kinds are the most influential factors, in general and for your specific organization?    How does organization culture play a role in the successful reliance on the Joint Application Development (JAD) process to identify and gather business requirements? Would JAD work in your company? Explain why or why not.    BSA 375Week 1 Discussion

Essay about Good and Evil in Young Goodman Brown by...

In the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Nathaniel Hawthorne sets the locale of the story during the Salem witch trials at his convenience to include the Calvinist theme of sin, that belief in which formed the early history of New England’s social and spiritual identity. As a dark romantic, Hawthorne includes the elements of human nature, mysticism, good and evil, and one’s own spirituality to convey his message to the reader. However, it is left to the reader’s own digression to interpret his ambiguous conclusions. At the beginning of the short story, Brown finds himself on a journey to the enchanted forest outside of his village for a mysterious appointment. Unknowingly, Brown is traveling into the heart of darkness in which he will be†¦show more content†¦The devil shows Brown that Goody Cloyse is a great friend of his. Goody Cloyse, the woman whose catechism taught Brown the way to heaven. Brown states, â€Å"What if a wretched old wom an do choose to go to the devil when I thought she was going to heaven: is that any reason why I should quit my dear Faith and go after her?† Brown still believes that his confidence will get him into heaven. Finally, Brown realizes that his perception of his faith is mistaken. Realizing that Deacon Gookin and the minister are followers of the devil helped Brown make this realization. After the devils sermon at the meeting, Brown attempts to maintain his illusion that his faith will get him into heaven by saying â€Å"Faith! Faith†¦look up to heaven, and resist the wicked one.† Brown did not lose his faith at all; instead he learned the frightening significance of it. Other critics say that Brown was in a world of moral imagination. Reginald Cook states, ‘the magic forest, is always full of adventures.† While in the forest, Brown comes in contact with the forces of nature in their fearful aspects, assuming that Brown travels from the village into the forest as he moves from a â€Å"conscious world to a subconscious one.† When reading the short story, the beginning and end of the story are so real that when we get to the middle of the story, it seems like Brown is just in a horrific dream.Show MoreRelatedThe Forest of Good and Evil in Young Goodman Brown†by Nathaniel Hawthorne938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Forest of Good and Evil In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author tells a story of a man named Goodman Brow. From the beginning to the end of the story, Hawthorne uses suspense, mystery, and conflict to create an interesting journey for his protagonist, who walks through the woods at night. However, there is more in it than just the story by itself; it is full of many forms of symbolism for the character names in every part of the story. Throughout the many symbols and elementsRead More Good and Evil in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essays857 Words   |  4 PagesGood and Evil in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† there is a fight between good and evil with one main character being torn between the two sides and every other character seemingly on one side or the other through the reader’s view, although many characters do deceive Goodman Brown about whether they are good or evil. This fight between the two sides and the deception that causes confusion for Goodman Brown is the source of tension throughout the entire storyRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting thanRead MoreShort Story Analysis: Young Goodman Brown Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesa great author, but none more intriguing than Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne’s ability to weave stories through the use of complex language and early puritan society narratives has long been a topic of study amongst scholars and young adults, alike. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† explores the idea of good vs. evil and draws many parallels to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is often debated whether man is born innately good or evil. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† it is possible to see Hawthorne’s stance on thisRead More Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Browns Apocalypse      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most criticism and reflection of Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown centers on a good versus evil theme. Critics also debate interpretations of the main characters consciousness; is Brown awake or dreaming.   What is certain is that he lives and dies in pain because his belief in his righteousness isolates him from his community.   It is also certain that Hawthornes interpretation of Browns mid-lifeRead More Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1512 Words   |  7 PagesAmbiguity and Uncertainty in Young Goodman Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne, through the use of deceptive imagery, creates a sense of uncertainty that illuminates the theme of mans inability to operate within a framework of moral absolutism.   Within every man there is an innate difference between good and evil and Hawthornes deliberate use of ambiguity mirrors this complexity of human nature. Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, is misled by believing in the perfectibilityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead More Young Goodman Brown Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pages The main theme of the Nathaniel Hawthorne’s, â€Å" Young Goodman Brown,† is the struggle between Goodman Brown’s faith, power to resist his own evil impulses and his own doubts within him. It is a story of Young Goodman Brown’s personal conflict over his inner desires and its greater meaning conflict between good and evil in the world. The characteristics of Young Goodman Brown are similar to the life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Nathaniel Hawthorne had his own doubts about his own Puritan life and beliefsRead MoreSymbols and Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pagesthe evils of the world therefore sin can forever bind them in chains for eternity. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne, reveals a similar resemblance of the Biblical inherent evil among man, through a disturbing dream of a young Puritan man who journeys into evil and is forced to examine the nature of evil among the human race. The Wife of Goodman Brown symbolizes the love that a wife has for her beloved husband but also the love, faith and devotion that her husband Goodman Brown hasRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown 1175 Words   |  5 Pages1101 7 July 2017 Symbolism in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and was set during the 17th Century Puritan Era. The story was published in 1835 during the Romantic Era. Nathaniel Hawthorne was known for being the master of symbolism. His novels and short stories have been embedded with suggestion and imagination. The dense symbolism that Hawthorne writes could imply multiple interpretations. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† has quite a few themes and

The Importance Of Effective Communication †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Importance Of Effective Communication. Answer: The importance of effective communication in human life can never be overstated. A person who feels confident while speaking, and can assert his views as and when required, can lead a successful life, both in the personal as well as the professional domain. Hence, I felt that it has become extremely important to analyse my communication skills and identify any communication issues, if present me, that I need to work on (Evans et al., 2017). I have realized that effective communication skills will not only help me later in my professional life, right from getting selected in an interview to leading and managing my team at workplace, but will also help me interact effectively with my professor, friends and family members. Considering the importance of analysing my communication skills, I undertook communication self-assessment test with the help of five distinct diagnostic tests, the results and findings of which have been discussed below, along with the action plans that I need to fol low in order to overcome the identified communication issues (Leathers Eaves, 2015). The first communication diagnostic tool used by me is the Talkaholic Scale Communication Questionnaire. This specific questionnaire helps to understand if the person taking the test is a Talkaholic or not. Although the word is often used in a derogatory way, it should be remembered that a positive result in this test does imply that the individual is an effective communicator. The whole idea of the test is to determine if the speaker is able to communicate effectively in presence of others or not, and being a Talkaholic is quite different from being talkative. A Talkaholic neither uses offensive words, nor does he talk too much, but knows how to express his views and ask questions, as and when he requires to do. Accordingly, on undertaking the test, I found out that I scored 27, which implies I am moderately talkaholic. The result suggested that I communicate with people as and when required, and i do not have the tendency to engage myself in conversations, which can be avoided by me . I am not verbal that way, and prefer to remain quiet, unless the situation arises which demands me to express and exchange my views. The result also suggested that I am not capable of dominating conversations, and my apathy towards initiating conversations can also be seen as a symptom of my behavioural shyness. The second test that I undertook is called Listening Diagnostic Pre-test, which intends to evaluate the listening skills of the speaker. As it is a known fact, listening is one of the most important features characterizing the communication style of a good communicator. A person should not merely talk but necessarily be ready to embrace the perspectives of other people. Accordingly, after taking the test, I found out that I scored 75 which shows that I am not a bad listener at all, even if I am not an effective listener. I usually prefer to avoid boring speech sessions, which is quite normal for anyone. However, the results of the questionnaire clearly suggested that I put efforts to appreciate the speech and perspectives of the speaker even if he does not express views and opinions I subscribe to. Even though I may not be able to appreciate the perspectives expressed by the speaker, I never tend to get up and neither levae the conversation, nor do I feel bored in a remarkable way. I n other words, I do possess effective listening skills not merely because I remain present at the time of the speech even if I do not like it, but essentially because I actively listen to and engage myself in the conversation. Although verbal communication receives most of the attention, non-verbal communication is no less important to be considered. The way a person interacts, the gestures he uses and the body movements of him, can say much about his communication approach and style. In order to evaluate my non-verbal communication skills, I undertook the Non-verbal Immediacy Scale Self Report. As per the findings of the report, my non-verbal communication skills are perfect. I always maintain a relaxed position, never frown or exhibit any negative facial expression, that can be considered to be offensive. This test, just like the above two reports, confirmed that I have no communication issue in this field as well, as far as my body gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, postures and voice tone are concerned. It is not sufficient to be able to communicate with people and listen to them, but it is equally important to strike effective and free conversation with the people coming from foreign locations or belonging to different cultural groups. Accordingly, in order to examine my inter-cultural communication skills, I undertook the Personal Report on Intercultural Communication Apprehension (PRICA) that helps in showing the degree of intercultural competence of the student in the communication process. This is the test where I identified my first communication issue, as the findings suggested that I am not competent enough to engage in conversations that involve speakers from different cultural backgrounds of the society. Accordingly, the test showed that I feel nervous and tend to get anxious when I engage in conversation with people of distinct cultural backgrounds. The inability to understand a new language, along with lack of comprehension of understanding the cultural norms and ideolog ical beliefs of the person from an alien culture, creates anxiety in me, and my thought often gets jumbled up within, while I try to express my opinions before the person. My low score of 42 suggested that I may have problems in working in a diverse workplace owing to cross-cultural communication problems. I also undertook the Public Speaking Anxiety Test to understand if I get anxious at the time of delivering communication or not, and I scored 98, suggesting I have speech anxiety issue. After undertaking the test, I discovered that I experience intense fear and communication apprehension while or prior to delivering a presentation, and also often experience stage fright. While delivering a speech in the public, I often experience nervousness and anxiety, as I feel that I am in a subordinate position, or that the audience may critique me as well. I would like to mention here that recently I had experienced am intercultural communication problem, as I met a Japanese client at workplace. Since I belong to the Australian culture, I tend to behave in a professional way, and refrain from disclosing personal experience in a professional area. However, the client was from Asia, and having belonged to a collectivist culture, he tended to strike a conversation with me about my personal life. However, owing to my ineffective intercultural issue, I miserably failed to engage in an effective communication. Much before undertaking the anxiety assessing test, I was aware that I had public speaking anxiety. I had a nerve-wrecking presentation experience, where I had to communicate the proposed business project to my boss, and the very sight of hierarchically superior employees made me nervous. Most of the time, I murmured and stammered, and my superiors claimed that they could not make any sense of the professional presentation. Having identified the two communication issues, I have identified through the diagnostic tools, I have decided to conduct a literature review of these two communication flaws and discuss the critical perspectives of the scholars and critics. Research suggests that language difference is the major challenge impeding the smooth flow of effective communication (Fujimori et al., 2014). Even if the speaker knows the language of the listener, he still may be incapable of striking meaningful conversation as the very same word may have different meanings and implications in different cultures (Kinloch Metge, 2014). Besides, the difference in non-verbal communication approach often leaves the spake from another culture confused or even prejudiced. For example, a Latin American businessperson may tend o stand closer to his business partner while a North American businessperson will avoid the same. Again, a Chinese communicator may prefer to engage in personal conversation with his business pa rtner, but a German businessman will be offended by such non-professional conduct. Critics suggest that the inability to comprehend a foreign language and the challenges encountered in deciphering the body language and non-verbal discourse of the foreign person account for ineffective intercultural communication problem, in most of the cases (Warren, 2017). It is equally important to state here that often people experience cross-cultural communication problems simply because they develop negative stereotypes and prejudices as a result of ethnocentrism, which compels one to believe that his own culture is superior to the culture of the listener (Bochner, 2013). Once prejudices, smooth flow of effective communication will necessarily be impeded. Again, at the same time, it is also important to examine the academic literature and past researches to understand the problem of public speaking anxiety as a serious communication issue (Glassman et al., 2014). Public Speaking Anxiety, also referred to as PSA, is defined as a sense of fear panic and anxiety as experienced by the speaker while delivering speech before an audience (Priestley et al., 2015). Critics suggest that PSA commonly occurs when the speaker is well-aware that the people sitting in the audience are superior to him, in terms of position or intelligence, which creates a sense of fear and possible failure, that lead to their communication failure. 76% of the respondents in a research claimed that they experience public speech fear, and the fear of delivering speech in the public has even outranked the common fears of mice, height and visit to a dental clinic as well (Nazligul et al., 2017). Further, research has indicated that there are some common reasons behind co mmunicators experiencing public speech anxiety (Mesri et al., 2017). First of all, the communicator does not regularly require delivering a public presentation each day, and hence he often fails to communicate spontaneously on the special occasions (Castillo, 2016). Often a sense of awareness about the speakers inferior position, in terms of designation or skills impedes his ability to express his ideas openly, leading to the anxiety. Most importantly, in most of the cases, the speaker becomes unusually self-focused as he finds the audience either blankly staring at him or ignoring him, both of which affects his confidence level in a negative way. After having identified two major communication issues of mine, and having thoroughly researched about the causes and implications of the same, I have decided to adopt an effective communication plan that can help me overcome these communication challenges. My action plan comprises of the actions I am going to undertake for the coming six months. Each of these strategies have been adopted as per the SMART goals, so that each of them is specific, measurable, attainable, reliable and time-specific. I have also created a Gantt chart to explain the time-duration of each action so as to show within what time exactly I will be able to accomplish the objectives. First of all, in order to overcome the problem of poor cross-cultural communication issues, I will enrol myself in a cultural training course that is expected to boost my knowledge of the ideals and norms of the people of different cultures, and appreciate the cultural differences. However, mere training will be insufficient unless the same is accompanied by practical experience. This is exactly the reason, why I will also participate in at least three different cross-cultural communication workshops that will help in improving my cross-cultural communication experience, as I will be made to interact with people of different cultures and my communication approach will be supervised by the communication experts (Samovar et al., 2014). Above all, the inability to understand a foreign language often impedes effective cross-cultural communication, and hence I will alos enrols myself in some foreign language learning courses. Since it is impossible for me to develop knowledge regarding al l the international languages, I will enrol myself in some of the specific language learning courses such as Spanish, French and Russian, which are relevant to my business needs. Next, in order to address the problem of my public speaking anxiety, I have chalked a few strategies which have been discussed here. First of all, I will join a public speech class that will provide me practical strategies to speak more confidently before the public. Next, I will practice delivering speech at home, by writing a script, and practicing the speech before the mirror and few of my close friends and family members. I will ask them to evaluate my communication approach and point out, any flaw, if any. I will observe my own gestures, body languages and body movements in the mirror that will help me in self-evaluation as well. I will also read books about public speech that will help to inspire me and boost my confidence in delivering speech before the live audience. I will buy and read books like Eloquence in Public Speaking by Dr. Kenneth McFarland (Panayiotou et al., 2017). Action Plan (Gantt Chart): Action Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Cultural Training Course Cross-cultural Communication Workshops Foreign Language Learning Courses Public Speech Class Practice Speech Delivery at Home Buy and Read Inspirational Books References Bochner, S. (Ed.). (2013).Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction(Vol. 1). Elsevier. Castillo, L. O. (2016).Colored Visuals: Their Implications to Public Speaking Anxiety(Doctoral dissertation). Evans, D. R., Hearn, M. T., Uhlemann, M. R., Ivey, A. E. (2017).Essential interviewing: A programmed approach to effective communication. Nelson Education. Fujimori, M., Shirai, Y., Asai, M., Kubota, K., Katsumata, N., Uchitomi, Y. (2014). Effect of communication skills training program for oncologists based on patient preferences for communication when receiving bad news: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of clinical oncology,32(20), 2166-2172. Glassman, L. H., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Bradley, L. E., Izzetoglu, M., Ruocco, A. C., Goldstein, S. P. (2014). Near-infrared spectroscopic assessment of in vivo prefrontal activation in public speaking anxiety: A preliminary study.Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice,1(3), 271. Kinloch, P., Metge, J. (2014).Talking past each other: problems of cross cultural communication. Victoria University Press. Leathers, D. G., Eaves, M. (2015).Successful nonverbal communication: Principles and applications. Routledge. Mesri, B., Niles, A. N., Pittig, A., LeBeau, R. T., Haik, E., Craske, M. G. (2017). Public speaking avoidance as a treatment moderator for social anxiety disorder.Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry,55, 66-72. Nazligul, M. D., Yilmaz, M., Gulec, U., Gozcu, M. A., OConnor, R. V., Clarke, P. M. (2017, September). Overcoming Public Speaking Anxiety of Software Engineers Using Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy. InEuropean Conference on Software Process Improvement(pp. 191-202). Springer, Cham. Panayiotou, G., Karekla, M., Georgiou, D., Constantinou, E., Paraskeva-Siamata, M. (2017). Psychophysiological and self-reported reactivity associated with social anxiety and public speaking fear symptoms: Effects of fear versus distress.Psychiatry Research. Priestley, J., Moghaddam, N., Dawson, D. (2015). ACT for public speaking anxiety: a case series study of effects on self-reported, implicit, Imaginal and in-vivo performance outcomes. Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., McDaniel, E. R., Roy, C. S. (2014).Intercultural communication: A reader. Cengage Learning. Warren, T. L. (2017).Cross-cultural Communication: Perspectives in theory and practice. Routledge.

Needs of Special Offenders free essay sample

The Needs of Special offenders Inmates with special needs, the mentally ill, and the substance abusing inmates all make up a large number of the prison population. These inmates affect the prison systems in different ways. Providing programs for the mentally ill inmates is extremely difficult for correctional staff. A very high percentage of inmates in the prison system have a mental illness. The demands for security for these inmates can be very challenging to program efforts. Correctional agencies are not equipped to provide mental health programs to the inmates to the same extent as mental health agencies. Mental health programs are critical to the accomplishment of the correctional facility. Correctional facilities provide multileveled and integrative programs to the mentally ill inmates. Without treatment the mentally ill inmates will be unable to prepare for release and they will not be able to reenter the community. The correctional mental health program must be effective in transitioning the inmate back to the community. We will write a custom essay sample on Needs of Special Offenders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Prior to release, the prison and post release staff ensure that the inmate will receive the proper treatment from the community mental health programs. Substance abuse programs is a must have in a correctional environment because a high number of inmates have a history of alcohol or drug abuse. Fifty-three percent of state inmates and 45. 5 percent of federal prison inmates were classified as having an alcohol or drug abuse dependency. Substance abuse treatment in prisons is critically important, as the Office of National Drug Control Policy reports that treatment while in prison and during postincarceration supervision can reduce recidivism by roughly 50 percent. Historically however, the treatment needs of drug abusing inmates has gone unmet while they are in prison. In a 1991 study by the U. S. General Accounting Office, it was estimated that fewer than 20 percent of identified substance abusers were enrolled in a prison substance abuse program. In a 1998 report, only 24 percent of state inmates were estimated to receive treatment over the course of a year. 5 The percentage of inmates receiving treatment has improved over the past decade. †(Corrections: An Introduction, Third Edition, CH 13. Pg 444) Residential treatment for substance abuse is the most effective type of treatment because it is the most intensive and the inmates live in a unit that is completely focused on substance abuse treatment. Residential treatment is the most expensive but, only 3. 3 percent of the inmates treated in a residential environment, were rearrested within the first six months of release. If the special needs of the mentally ill inmates do not get met and do not get cared for properly, the inmates will not get the proper care they need. The mentally ill inmates will be released back to the streets in the same condition they were in upon entry. If the needs of these inmates do not get addressed, it will defeat the entire purpose behind the mission of corrections, rehabilitation. The mentally ill inmates and the inmates with special needs will cause disruption amongst the prison, this will cause disturbances between the inmates and the security staff. This will cause injuries to the staff and inmates. The inmates that have substance abusive problems will seek the means in acquiring drugs and alcohol from the other inmates and security staff, in order to satisfy their addiction. Inside the correctional facilities is a mental health treatment program. The mental healt treatment programs play a critical role in rehabilitation of the offender, the better the treatment, the less likely the offender will be likely to commit the crime again. Mental health programs have a continuum of care in order to provide various levels of care based on the needs of every inmate treated. The most intensive level is the inpatient hospital inside of the facility. The inpatient treatment is for the inmate with needs for aggressive treatment. The facility has short term crisis units that stabilize symptoms and send inmate back to general population when treated. The third unit is a residential unit that treats the inmate in a general population setting so the inmates still interact with other inmates.

The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Essays

The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Essays The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Essay The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Essay Essay Topic: The Prince The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is an American sit com, which is targeted at everyone but mainly at teenagers. It has been popular for more then eighteen years. But why would teenagers watch such a TV programme that only teaches them to do something good. This is done in a different way, to do as youre told, keep out of trouble and respect others. So how does it keep its success for over eighteen years? If The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air is just about being good, then why do teenagers still watch this programme? In my opinion I think that its the way the producers use media devices and the structure of the narrative that attracts teenagers rather a repels them.In the beginning of the show we se Will spinning on a throne acting as if hes a king which shows us that he is being the boss (as in a king) and in control everything around him. He is wearing a t-shirt which is a bit like a gangster and cool glasses and one of his legs are up on the throne making him look more of a gangster type then a king. He tells us the story of how his life got twisted upside down when he moved from West Philadelphia to Bel-Air. This appeals to a few audiences because even some teenagers want to either leave home forever or move to their aunty and uncle.The techniques used in this scene are notan lighting which makes it quite normal because its not scary at all. This is important that its not scary because its a comedy show and if they put scary lighting it wouldnt make sense. The camera is at the top and Will is at the bottom, on the floor spinning around on his throne, its quite a close up shot as well. Theres also graffiti in the background. This attracts the teenagers and makes them feel that theyre Will Smith and making them look at Wills point of view, because you know that some teenagers want to be gangsters and want to take over something as being a king, and thats what exactly happens in the first shot. I think that when the audience watches this first shot they will straight away feel that theyre on Wills side because its a quite close up shot and it makes the audience feel that Will is talking straight to them.This shot is related to the title of this page because in this scene Will is acting as a prince because Will is sitting on the throne, and plus on the title it says The Fresh Prince which means hes like a prince.The second scene we see Will doing some graffiti on a wall when all of a sudden, a policeman appears. The policeman scolds Will. Will get a bit scared to see him. Will makes the fool out of the policeman by saying no Im not graffitting its just a deodorant and gets away from trouble.In this scene the media devices used are notan lighting and a close up shot only.The second scene relates to the target audience because there are a few teenagers who think they can do graffiti and act cool by doing it, and also its one of a thing that some teenagers might want to try it out if they havent done it.This scene takes place at t he basketball court where Will and his friends are playing basketball. Will does some silly tricks while his friends are just pushing and shoving each other. Will shoots the ball but misses the basket and the ball bounces to some gangsters, who then gets angry and beat up Will.The techniques used were notan lighting as usual, the camera angle is straight and close up when its at Will when hes playing basketball. Then its a low angle shot looking up when it is at the gangsters because theyre big, strong and scary. Then the camera is overhead and Will and the gangsters are having a fight, which is shown as a birds eye view.When Will is playing basketball he tries to do these cool moves and shoot the ball in the basket but misses which shows hes not actually cool. Will also tries to be a gangster but when he faces the real gangsters he gets scared. This relates to the target audience because this shows how most teenagers act like, because some teenagers act really cool and talk in slan g but when it comes to a challenge or something they get scared back away.If you look close at Wills friends, they are actually a bit stupid because when Will is just standing in one place and doing his tricks, his friends are like jumping about around him, pushing and shoving each other and putting their hands up to stop the ball, when Will isnt doing anything.Wills mum and Will, both, is in his room where his mum is scolding him and pointing her finger at Will (but actually it seems shes scolding at us because of the camera viewpoint). She is also saying something at Will that hes going to moving with his aunty and uncle to Bel-Air.There are a few techniques used in this scene like in-between of extreme shot and really close up shot, like right in the face. Theres also notan lighting as usual in all shots. When Wills mum is talking and pointing her finger at us, because her face is so close to the camera it exactly feels like that she is talking to the people who are watching it. When you look at Wills mum when shes scolding, and at the back the background is in graffiti, I think that Wills mum is acting as a barrier between Will Smith and the bad things like graffiti, fights, and chaos. She doesnt want Will to be getting in any trouble. Now Will is being stopped from doing bad things from his mum, but when he goes away to Bel-Air his mum wont be there so he can do whatever he likes.This scene takes place in where Will whistles for a cab; gets in and off he sets to Bel-Air. On the way he sees the Hollywood sign and other things and gets exited and starts taking photos. When he reaches his uncle and aunties house he yelled to the cab yo home smell you later, and then walks to the house. The media devises used are close up shots and as always notan lighting in every scene. The affect on the viewer is that if Will really is a cool and gangster type then why is he getting happy and excited just seeing the Hollywood sign from far away, because real gangsters woul d say like ya ya so its just Hollywood sign. In my opinion I think that Will is getting happy that he is going to his aunty and uncle who are rich and then says yo home smell you later that also suggests that he is happy to leave west Philadelphia and move to Bel-Air. This appeals to the target audience because some teenagers get bored at home or have a fight with their parents and feel like that they want to leave home and go somewhere else where they would be happier.In conclusion I think that will smith is trying to be a gangster and fit in the west Philadelphia, but what we see is actually happening in the show. We see will trying to be a gangster by doing graffiti, playing basketballbut thats not all, we also see Will doing as his mum says like when she said that he had to move to Bel-Air, he does as hes mum tells him to do. If you really think about it there are quite subliminal messages in the opening sequence. So you see in one way Will tries to be a gangster and show off bu t in the other hand he also listens to his mother. So this shows that pupil can be gangster in school or outside, but also listen to their parents.